ESG Module¶

The ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) module contains approximately 18 models focused on environmental sustainability metrics for the Gnosis Chain network. It estimates carbon emissions, electrical power consumption, and maps node geographic distribution to regional electricity carbon intensity factors using data from the Ember Global Electricity Review.

Data Sources¶

The ESG module combines data from multiple sources:

Ember Global Electricity Review¶

The Ember dataset is the backbone of the ESG module's carbon intensity calculations. It provides annually updated, country-level data on:

• Electricity generation by source (coal, gas, oil, nuclear, hydro, wind, solar, bioenergy, other renewables)
• Carbon intensity of electricity generation (gCO2/kWh)
• Total generation capacity and demand

The crawler pipeline fetches Ember data periodically and loads it into the crawlers_data database for use by the dbt models.

Model Categories¶

Carbon

Cif

Dynamic

Energy

Esg

Estimated

Info

Node

Methodology¶

The carbon emission estimation follows this pipeline:

Step 1: Node Count
    P2P crawl data -> total reachable nodes
                          |
Step 2: Geographic Distribution
    IP geolocation -> map each node to a country
                          |
Step 3: Power Estimate
    Hardware profiles -> per-node power consumption (kWh)
    (execution + consensus client, ~50-100W average)
                          |
Step 4: Carbon Intensity
    Ember data -> country-level gCO2/kWh factor
    Power per node * carbon intensity = emissions per node
                          |
Step 5: Aggregation
    Sum per-node, per-country weighted emissions
    = Total network daily CO2 estimate

Hardware Power Profiles¶

The module uses conservative power estimates for typical validator hardware configurations:

The default model assumes an average power draw of approximately 50-100W per node, accounting for both execution and consensus client processes running on the same machine.

Gnosis Chain vs. Other Networks¶

Gnosis Chain uses a Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism with 1 GNO per validator, resulting in a relatively low energy footprint compared to Proof-of-Work networks. The ESG module quantifies this advantage by providing concrete power and emissions estimates.

Key Models Reference¶

Query Examples¶

Retrieve daily carbon emissions for the past 30 days:

SELECT dt, total_co2_grams, total_kwh, node_count
FROM dbt.api_esg_carbon_emissions_daily
WHERE dt >= today() - 30
ORDER BY dt

Check emissions by country:

SELECT country, node_count, co2_grams, carbon_intensity_gco2_kwh
FROM dbt.int_esg_nodes_energy_attribution_daily
WHERE dt = today() - 1
ORDER BY co2_grams DESC
LIMIT 20

Compare electricity generation mix for top hosting countries:

SELECT country, coal_pct, gas_pct, nuclear_pct, renewables_pct
FROM dbt.int_esg_ember_generation_mix
WHERE country IN ('DE', 'US', 'FI', 'FR', 'NL')
ORDER BY renewables_pct DESC

Track power consumption trends:

SELECT
    toStartOfWeek(dt) AS week,
    avg(total_kwh) AS avg_daily_kwh,
    avg(node_count) AS avg_nodes
FROM dbt.api_esg_power_consumption_daily
WHERE dt >= today() - 90
GROUP BY week
ORDER BY week

Related Modules¶

• P2P -- Node geographic distribution feeds into ESG carbon calculations
• Consensus -- Validator counts determine the network's node footprint
• ProbeLab -- Cloud provider data supplements hosting infrastructure analysis
• Crawlers -- Ember electricity data is ingested through the crawler pipeline